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Governance-Mechanismen in Familienunternehmen: Inhibitoren oder Katalysatoren für die Internationalisierung des Unternehmens?

Author

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  • Thilo Pukall
  • Andrea Calabrò
  • Morten Huse

Abstract

In eigentümergeführten kleinen und mittelgroßen Familienunternehmen sind Internationalisierungsentscheidungen, wie die Entscheidung Produkte zu exportieren, oft alleinig durch den Inhaber bestimmt. Dieser ist in der Regel risikoavers und entscheidet konservativ um das Familienkapital zu schützen. Aufsichtsräte können entscheidend durch ihre Expertise dazu beitragen die Risikowahrnehmung des Vorstandes zu objektivieren. Von zentraler Bedeutung für die Zusammenarbeit der Akteure sind Governance-Mechanismen, welche das Wirken der Aufsichtsräte auf den Eigentümer-Vorstand bestimmen. Neben den klassischen formellen Mechanismen wie bspw. der Unabhängigkeit der Aufsichtsräte spielen in Familienunternehmen auch informelle Mechanismen wie relationale Normen und Vertrauen eine wichtige Rolle. Um die Bedeutung dieser Governance-Mechanismen auf die Exportintensität von kleinen und mittleren Familienunternehmen zu testen, wurde eine empirische Studie mit Hypothesentests durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl der formelle Mechanismus der Unabhängigkeit des Aufsichtsrats als auch der informelle Mechanismus relationale Normen die Internationalisierung des Unternehmens positiv beeinflussen. Die vorliegende Studie erweitert das Forschungsgerüst der Internationalisierung von Familienunternehmen, insbesondere bezüglich des Einflusses der Corporate Governance in diesem Zusammenhang. / The decision to internationalize in small and medium sized family businesses is often heavily determined by the founder-CEO, which is usually risk averse and tries to conserve the family capital. Members of the board of directors in a nonoperative supervising function can help to objectify the risk assessment of the CEO. Within the communication and exchange processes of board members and the founder-CEO, governance-mechanisms are of paramount importance, as they define the ways these exchanges are carried out. Besides formal governance-mechanisms, which are suggested by agency-theory, informal mechanisms are of high relevance in family businesses, as relationships are long-term oriented. To assess the influence of these formal and informal governance-mechanisms on the export intensity of SME family businesses, we conducted an empirical analysis. The results indicate that the formal governance-mechanism “independence of board members” and the informal mechanism “relational norms” significantly and positively influence family SME internationalization.

Suggested Citation

  • Thilo Pukall & Andrea Calabrò & Morten Huse, 2013. "Governance-Mechanismen in Familienunternehmen: Inhibitoren oder Katalysatoren für die Internationalisierung des Unternehmens?," ZfKE – Zeitschrift für KMU und Entrepreneurship, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 61(4), pages 243-263.
  • Handle: RePEc:dah:aeqzfk:v61_y2013_i4_q4_p243-263
    DOI: 10.3790/zfke.61.4.243
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