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Geopolitische Schocks: Wirkungen auf das Finanzsystem und Gegenmaßnahmen

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  • Joachim Wuermeling

Abstract

Geopolitische Krisen können über den Wirkungskanal des Finanzsystems gravierende Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft jenseits der Krisenregion entfalten. Das Ausmaß der Schäden kann erheblich sein und seiner Dimension weit jenseits der politischen Ursache liegen. Die mittelbaren Folgen müssen von den Akteuren weder beabsichtigt noch vorhergesehen sein, können es aber. Solche Konsequenzen werden zum Teil gar nicht durch diese, sondern durch Dritte ausgelöst, die ihrerseits auf ein politisches Ereignis reagieren, z. B. durch militärische Aktionen nur durch Sanktionen. Für Finanzinstitute und das Finanzsystem als Ganzes sind die Risiken erheblich, idiosynkratisch und exogen. Kern des Transmissionsmechanismus sind die sich verschlechternden Erwartungen der Investoren an wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen der Realwirtschaft. Sie übersetzen sich in den Banken durch die Verwirklichung von Markt-, Kredit- oder Zinsrisiken. Das Finanzsystem kann nicht immun gegen geopolitische Risiken gemacht werden. Aber es gibt zielführende Maßnahmen, die Verwundbarkeiten durch vorausschauendes Risikomanagement, umsichtige Portfoliosteuerung und proaktiven Aufbau von Kapitalpuffern verringern. Trans-Abstract: Geopolitical crises can have serious and fatal effects on the economy and society beyond the crisis region via the financial system. The extent of the damage can be considerable and far beyond the political cause. The indirect consequences do not have to be intended or foreseen by the actors, but they can be. The consequences are sometimes not triggered by them at all but by third parties who, in turn, react to a political event, e.g., by third parties who in turn react to a political event, e. g., through military action or even just through sanctions. For financial institutions and the financial system, the risks are considerable, idiosyncratic and exogenous. The transmission mechanism’s core is investors’ worsening expectationsregarding economic developments in the real economy. These are translated into banks by realising market, credit or interest rate risks. The financial system cannot be made immune to geopolitical risks. But there are effective measures that reduce vulnerabilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Joachim Wuermeling, 2025. "Geopolitische Schocks: Wirkungen auf das Finanzsystem und Gegenmaßnahmen," Vierteljahreshefte zur Arbeits- und Wirtschaftsforschung, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 2(2), pages 159-173.
  • Handle: RePEc:dah:aeqvaw:v2_y2025_i2_q2_p159-173
    DOI: 10.3790/vaw.2.2.159
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    Keywords

    G01; F51;

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • F51 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions

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