The establishment of the foundations of banking in Tambov province in the second half of the XΙX century − early XX century

Background. The banking system is one of the most important sectors of the economy of a civilized state, embodying diverse trends of the past and present. To understand and improve banking (as with any other sector), it is necessary to constantly study the processes of its formation and development, both in socioeconomic and political terms. As a legitimate regulator of the economy, banking serves as the accumulation and collection of funds, as well as the control of their circulation and the intermediation of banking transactions between individuals, organizations, and states. The relevance of this research topic lies in the fact that an analysis of the evolution of the regional banking system is important both for assessing the situation in the Tambov Region and for assessing the challenges and development prospects of the banking system throughout Russia. Purpose – a study of the formation and development of banking in the Tambov province in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Materials and methods. In studying the topic, the following were used: 1) universal scientific methods; 2) general scientific methods; 3) special, and in this case historical, methods; 4) applied methods of historical research. Results. The study establishes that the State Bank of the Russian Empire was established in St. Petersburg on June 1, 1860. By decree of Emperor Alexander II of December 20, 1863, branches of the State Bank were opened in Astrakhan, Vladimir, Voronezh, Yekaterinoslav, Kazan, Chisinau, Penza, Ryazan, Samara, Saratov, Tambov, and Yaroslavl. The Tambov branch of the State Bank is considered to have been established on June 23, 1864. It was from this date that the banking system in the Tambov region began to develop, successfully supporting various sectors of the local economy, particularly in agriculture, as Tambov was a major grain producer and exporter. In addition to the Tambov branch of the State Bank, the City Public Bank and the Mutual Credit Society were also significant, but monopolistic, elements of the monetary system of the Tambov province. The state-owned credit institutions under the Ministry of Finance included the Peasant Land Bank and the Noble Land Bank, which had branches in Tambov. The further development of the banking system in its structural, functional, and subjective aspects was linked to the changing economic model, social upheaval, and the international military situation surrounding Russia.