Dépenses publiques en santé, PIB et indicateurs de santé à Madagascar : exploration par une approche par le modèle VECM

Public spending on health is widely recognized as an essential lever for improving health outcomes and promoting the general well-being of the population. According to WHO, increased investment in the health sector can lead to substantial gains in terms of improved health status. In this context, our study specifically examines the impact of public spending on health and gross domestic product on health status in Madagascar, using a vector error correction model. The results show that public spending on health, while essential, needs to be strategically planned and allocated to maximize its effectiveness. The analysis reveals a complex relationship in which initial increases in spending can have a negative impact on life expectancy at birth (LEB), but contribute in the long term to reducing the infant mortality rate (IMR). Furthermore, economic growth, as measured by GDP, plays a key role in improving health outcomes, significantly reducing infant mortality. The study also highlights the need to strengthen governance systems to direct investment towards the most critical areas. Integrated policies that simultaneously address economic, educational and social factors are needed to improve public health in Madagascar, reduce infant mortality and increase life expectancy at birth.