L’approche systemique du patrimoine architectural et nouvelles exploitations, le cas de la Tunisie

The systemic approach to cultural heritage has been increasingly adopted in recent years, trying to account for the mechanisms, not only of the conservation system, but also of the practices that accompany any strategy of valorization on the architectural framework. Thus, as a theoretical study, it refers to social and cultural representations and conditions. The essential difference between patrimonial and patrimonialisation should be emphasized. The first concept proposes a lasting reading of the heritage that emphasizes the "long time". The second emphasizes "the profoundly contingent nature of the heritage form and particularly its connection with contemporary political culture." Ideally, the question of heritage form would be a collective framework for the dissemination of contemporary culture and creation. This question leads to the placing in space of the architectural heritage which reveals its material and intangible value. In this sense, Tunisia has given great importance to heritage resources and recognition of Tunisia's cultural diversity and its multidimensional character: ancient, Islamic and colonial. Heritage is considered a form of social construction and a common heritage, meeting the expectations and needs of contemporary societies. In the same vein, the wealth and potential of each city contribute to the affirmation of local identity and the emergence of responsible modernity. How can new heritage holdings be a vehicle for territorial development in Tunisia? In this article, we use the systemic approach to cultural heritage to show how it can successfully integrate the principles of territorial development into a sector that, a priori, is relatively remote from it. Systemic analysis has the advantage of providing a theoretical framework to analyze the heritage sector as a complex system and thus to understand the specific challenges of development and to imitate promising and viable solutions in the long term. Our attention is therefore focused on the new exploitation of the heritage area in Tunisia, in the bridges it can create between cultural dynamics on the one hand, and territorial development on the other.