Pratiques de la R&D dans les entreprises algériennes et la nécessité de la mobilisation de l’intelligence créative de la R.H aux besoins d’innovation technologique

It is only in the early eighties that the function R&D began to take shape in structures called in most Algerian public enterprises, Department (of) Studies and Development (DED). The objective pursued was then, much more the integration of the industrial fabric and the development of subcontracting than innovation in the sense of technological creation. The idea of innovation was moreover almost absent from the approach of industrialization, rather based on the dominant concept at this time of "transfer" and "mastery" of imported technologies. The objective of this contribution is to show that, in an economy based on knowledge and experience, research and development (R&D) is a key element of competitiveness and technological innovation, for any company concerned with the performance. In this context, we will try to show: 1-How the Algerian industrial public enterprise, which, for a long period operated within the framework of an administered and centralized economy; freezing any spirit of creativity and initiative, will introduce the innovative spirit in order to face the demands of globalization with the best advantages? 2-What is the place of the R&D and innovation within the private enterprises in Algeria? We will be focusing on the need for the creation of a synergy between the different actors of innovation policy, to wit (university, companies, research centers and the State) in order to create attractive territories for a better industrial dynamic. Methodology adopted: In this communication we will present: 1-The main results of a qualitative survey that we have conducted on a sample of four major Algerian industrial public enterprises to wit: the Group SAIDAL, the Group SONELGAZ, ENIEM and ELECTRO[1]INDUSTRIES; 2- A synthesis on the R&D and technological innovation within the private enterprises in Algeria.