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Economic Determinants of Healthcare Demand Among Pregnant Women in Cross River State, Nigeria: A Negative Binomial Regression Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Onoyom, Margaret Onwanyi

    (University of Calabar)

  • Oburota, Chukwuedo Susan

    (University of Calabar)

  • Bassey, Etim Essien

    (University of Calabar)

  • Eno, Samuel Okoi

    (University of Calabar)

Abstract

The study investigated the economic determinants of healthcare demand among pregnant women in Cross River State, Nigeria, employing a cross-sectional survey of 388 respondents across six purposively selected LGAs (Ogoja, Obudu, Yakurr, Ikom, Calabar Municipality, Akamkpa) using Cochran's formula (n=388, 95% CI, 5% margin). Anchored in Grossman's Health Demand Model, data collected via validated structured questionnaires (Cronbach's α = 0.734) were analyzed using Negative Binomial regression to model ANC visits (mean=3.88, overdispersed: variance=4.296), confirmed appropriate by Kolmogorov-Smirnov (Z=2.559, p 0.05), suggesting price-inelastic necessity demand, while distance (p=0.063) and education gradients were marginal. Policy recommendations include prioritizing supply-side interventions: CRSMoH to construct 10 rural PHCs, Cross River State Primary Healthcare Development Agency (CRSPHCDA) to deploy 20 mobile ANC units targeting adolescents (22% of sample), and Cross River State Health Insurance Scheme (CRSHIS) to mandate enrollment with subsidies for self-employed women (36%). These target facility access dominance to shift ANC utilization from modal 3-4 visits (36%) toward WHO 8-visit standard, addressing 10% zero-visit rate and 75% financial difficulties among Nigeria's maternal health priority population.

Suggested Citation

  • Onoyom, Margaret Onwanyi & Oburota, Chukwuedo Susan & Bassey, Etim Essien & Eno, Samuel Okoi, 2026. "Economic Determinants of Healthcare Demand Among Pregnant Women in Cross River State, Nigeria: A Negative Binomial Regression Analysis," East African Finance Journal, East African Finance Journal, vol. 5(3).
    • Handle: RePEc:cwk:eafjke:2026-029
    DOI: 10.59413/eafj/v5.i3.7
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • I11 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Analysis of Health Care Markets
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I13 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Insurance, Public and Private
    • C25 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities

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