Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A review of the executive dysfunction, attention regulation, hyperfocus, and compensatory strategies across the lifespan

Introduction: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurobiological condition that affects individuals at various stages of their lives. Often misunderstood, ADHD is characterized by a combination of symptoms that include attention difficulties, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This report aims to delve into the neurobiological basis of ADHD, as well as its diagnostic criteria and the evolution of its manifestations over time. Objective: to analyze in detail the key components of ADHD, and its compensatory strategies throughout life. Development: the characteristics of executive dysfunction, which impacts planning, organization, and emotional control in individuals with ADHD, are examined. Additionally, compensatory and management strategies that can be implemented to support those with this disorder are discussed. The importance of a multimodal and personalized approach that adapts to the individual's changing needs throughout their lifespan, thus ensuring effective intervention, is highlighted. Conclusions: future perspectives for ADHD research focus on precision medicine and the influence of technology, as well as the need for a deeper understanding of its heterogeneity and comorbidities. A comprehensive approach tailored to each individual not only improves quality of life but also promotes a more complete understanding of ADHD as a complex and multifaceted disorder.