The impact of ADHD on the academic performance of medical students at the UAI

Introduction: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that interferes with a person's ability to maintain attention and regulate behavior. Among medical students, whose training requires prolonged concentration and emotional control, this disorder can affect learning and academic performance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how ADHD influences the academic performance of medical students at the Universidad Interamericana Abierta (UAI). Materials and Methods: An observational approach was adopted, based on the application of an online questionnaire to 67 fifth-year medical students during the 2024 academic year. The questionnaire included closed-ended questions about the clinical diagnosis of ADHD and perceptions regarding academic performance, coping strategies, the presence of stigma, and professional support. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of participants (41.8%) reported that ADHD significantly affects their academic performance, although 50.7% did not receive a formal diagnosis. Difficulties concentrating for extended periods (43.9%), experiences of discrimination (22.4%), and the use of specific treatment strategies (35.8%) were identified. Regarding clinical management, 49.1% mentioned the use of stimulants, mainly methylphenidate and amphetamines, as a clear improvement. Participation in institutional support programs was minimal (1.5%), while most recognized physical activity, especially cardiovascular and strength training, as a useful tool for symptom management. Conclusion: It is clear that ADHD affects both the academic performance and the psychological and social well-being of medical students. Therefore, it is essential that higher education institutions promote inclusive environments, mentoring programs, and strategies that integrate mental health into the educational process. Furthermore, students should seek professional help for the appropriate treatment of this disorder.