Specific Learning Disabilities: New approaches to understanding and support

Introduction: Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLD), otherwise referred to as Specific Learning Disorders (SpLDs), are defined as a collection of lifelong conditions that negatively influence learning and daily functioning. Most SpLDs are initially detected within education settings such as schools, colleges and universities. This can make the world of SpLD diagnosis and support a complex and daunting world for learners and their families. The aim of this research was to characterize the SpLD with focus on new approaches on diagnosis and learning methods. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted by accessing data bases such as PubMed and ResearchGate using Key words including SpLD, inclusive education, dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia. A total of 20 articles were selected, over 70 % of which were published in the last 5 years. Results: SpLDs such as dyslexia and dyscalculia are complex learning difficulties that show multiple underlying cognitive deficits. The diagnosis of SpLDs has become increasingly simpler and more effective. Inclusive education is a dynamic and contested concept. There are multiple obstacles in the implementation of inclusive education techniques for students with SpLDs. Among the primary challenges were found lack of knowledge, training and parent’s support. Among alternative methods more distant form the traditional approach to working with SpLDs, contemporary practice includes the use of the play-based interventions. Conclusions: Numerous obstacles exist in most educational scenarios regarding the preparation of educators and their strategies for addressing the needs of these students. The advent of technologies like game-based learning enables the implementations of inclusive educational methods.