Current developments in autism and neurodevelopmental disorders: research and practice

Introduction: neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, and others, affect the development of the central nervous system, manifesting in cognitive, social, and emotional challenges. The prevalence of autism has increased significantly, from 1 in 50 children in 2000 to 1 in 44 today. Genetic, prenatal, and environmental factors influence its development, and current research focuses on neurobiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic advances.Development: the review highlights advances in the early identification of ASD, such as tablet-based tools and visual biomarkers, which allow for more accessible diagnoses. It also explores differences in sensory processing, with hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity, and their impact on daily life, proposing practical strategies such as environmental adaptations and occupational therapies. Common comorbidities, such as epilepsy and gastrointestinal disorders, are addressed, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches to diagnosis and treatment. and explores a strengths-based model that encourages self-acceptance and the use of unique abilities to improve well-being and educational and employment outcomes.Conclusions: current research converges toward an approach that values neurodiversity, prioritizes early identification, and promotes personalized interventions. The importance of addressing sensory, communicative, and emotional needs from a holistic perspective is highlighted. Future research should delve deeper into the implementation of strengths-based strategies and the reduction of masking, with the goal of improving the quality of life and inclusion of autistic individuals.