From Waste to Wealth: Circular Economy Practices in Assam’s Women‑Led Souvenir Enterprises

This paper examines how women entrepreneurs in Assam are embedding circular economy principles across diverse sectors of the souvenir economy, transforming cultural heritage into sustainable business innovation. Drawing on secondary research, the study highlights practices in textiles, handicrafts, edible souvenirs, bamboo and cane products, eco‑friendly packaging, and biodiversity‑linked souvenirs. In the textile sector, weaving cooperatives in Sualkuchi repurpose silk scraps into smaller items such as scarves, bookmarks, and coin purses, reducing waste while sustaining Assam’s famed Muga and Eri traditions. In handicrafts and bamboo products, women artisans use natural dyes, recycle raw materials, and innovate designs that cater to eco-tourism demand. The culinary sector demonstrates circularity through self‑help groups (SHGs) that convert agricultural residues into pickles, teas, and sweets, supported by packaging innovations that enhance hygiene and marketability. Eco‑friendly packaging initiatives integrate recycled glass, biodegradable materials, and Assamese motifs, reinforcing sustainability and destination branding. In biodiversity‑linked souvenirs, collaborations with social enterprises produce items inspired by local fauna, linking conservation awareness with livelihood generation. Financial models such as microfinance, cooperative pooling, and government schemes (e.g., Assam State Rural Livelihoods Mission) provide resilience, enabling women entrepreneurs to scale their enterprises. The analysis situates Assam’s women‑led souvenir enterprises within social entrepreneurship and circular economy frameworks, emphasizing three dimensions: economic empowerment, cultural preservation, and sustainability. Findings suggest that women entrepreneurs are not merely participants but active agents of transformation, creating livelihoods while advancing ecological responsibility. By linking sectoral practices to global discourses on circular economy and sustainable development, the paper contributes to debates on inclusive entrepreneurship. In doing so, it directly engages with the conference themes of business innovation, finance, and entrepreneurship, offering insights into how women‑led enterprises in Assam transform waste into wealth while aligning with SDGs 5 (Gender Equality), 8 (Decent Work), 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and 13 (Climate Action).