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Income-based fare discounts and fare capping for low-income riders: effects on ridership and access

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  • Salazar Echeagaray, Teresa Irina
  • teresasalazar@uas.edu.mx

Abstract

Public transport fares can consume a large share of household budgets and limit the mobility of low-income riders. Income-based fare discounts and fare capping have spread rapidly, but their effects on ridership and access have not been synthesized. The searches identified 431 records; after removing 92 duplicates, 339 were screened and 15 studies were included. Income-based discounts and capping were associated with higher ridership and travel frequency in most studies, with effects concentrated among low-income and frequent riders, while access and affordability outcomes improved in the studies that measured them. Discounted and capped fares appear to increase ridership and widen access for low-income riders, although the evidence is heterogeneous and mostly observational. Stronger quasi-experimental designs and longer follow-up are needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Salazar Echeagaray, Teresa Irina & teresasalazar@uas.edu.mx, 2026. "Income-based fare discounts and fare capping for low-income riders: effects on ridership and access," SAP Transport, Mobility & Society, South American Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:cwf:tmsart:tms2026324
    DOI: 10.62486/tms2026324
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