The role of misinformation in the spread of the anti-vaccine movement: A descriptive study

Background: Misinformation is a growing phenomenon that undermines confidence in immunization, a key factor in the rise of the anti-vaccine movement. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes, practices, and level of exposure to vaccine misinformation among parents in Latin America. Material and methods: An observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive design was used. The sample was non-probabilistic and purposive, consisting of 117 participants from Latin America, who completed a structured online survey. Results: Ninety-two percent of adults expressed a favorable attitude toward vaccination; however, 41% of parents reported partial or total noncompliance with childhood vaccinations. Forty-two percent of participants expressed doubt or uncertainty about the vaccines offered. The primary source of information was the doctor or pediatrician (72%). The predominant reasons for hesitancy were fear of adverse effects (33%) and distrust of pharmaceutical companies (29%). Conclusion: Misinformation is a factor that generates significant vaccine hesitancy among the population, even among highly educated individuals. Although healthcare professionals are the most reliable source, partial noncompliance persists, underscoring the need to strengthen risk communication with transparency and scientific evidence.