Prevention of community-acquired pneumonia

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Vaccination against pneumococcus and influenza is a key strategy in preventing respiratory infections, yet adherence to immunization programs remains suboptimal. This study evaluates the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing the incidence and hospitalizations of CAP in older adults. Methods: A systematic review of 21 clinical and observational studies was conducted to assess the relationship between pneumococcal and influenza vaccination and the incidence of CAP in older adults. Studies published in the last ten years were included, analyzing hospitalization rates, mortality, and barriers to vaccination. Results: Vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in CAP incidence, lower hospitalization rates, and decreased mortality. Factors influencing low adherence included socioeconomic barriers and lack of access to healthcare services. Conclusion: Pneumococcal and influenza immunization effectively prevents CAP in older adults, reinforcing the need for strategies to improve vaccine coverage. Public health policies should be implemented to reduce vaccination access barriers and raise awareness of its importance.