Economic efficiency of earthmoving as a factor in territorial and productive development

Introduction: Earthworks are a key stage in construction processes and territorial development planning. However, in the Cuban context, there are still shortcomings in the development and application of complementary technical standards associated with this activity, which hinders a comprehensive analysis of its economic effectiveness and limits strategic decision-making in production. Development: The research aims to analyze these deficiencies from a perspective that, while falling within the field of civil engineering, incorporates a critical view of the socio-territorial and organizational impacts of technical processes. The main objective was to define indicators to evaluate the economic effectiveness of production during the earthmoving stage and apply them in the ECOING 24 company. To this end, an analysis of specialized publications and national and international regulations was carried out, which allowed for the selection of indicators belonging to the System for the Control of Machinery Operation (SISCEM), considered to be more efficient and operationally viable. The application of these indicators revealed significant limitations in management, particularly the absence of systematic records on equipment performance, which affects planning, production control, and resource optimization. Likewise, it was found that these deficiencies transcend the technical sphere, affecting work organization, job quality, sustainable land use, and economic opportunities in local environments associated with construction projects. Conclusions: The study proposes recommendations aimed at improving machinery management and the economic evaluation of earthmoving, promoting more efficient and socially responsible production processes. In this way, it contributes to contemporary debates on the relationship between technological development, productive organization, and socio-territorial transformations.