Digital Photogrammetry and Geographic Information Systems: A Review

Photogrammetry is an essential technology for the analysis and measurement of objects in geospatial space using photographs. This method is divided into several categories: analog, analytical, aerial, terrestrial, and digital photogrammetry, each with specific applications in geography, architecture, and more. Digital photogrammetry has revolutionized the field by integrating specialized software to process images and generate accurate geospatial information. Its applications include the creation of topographic maps, point clouds, and 3D models used in cartography and agriculture. Likewise, the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique allows for the creation of high-resolution 3D models using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This approach has facilitated data collection at a lower cost and with greater accuracy, excelling in situations where access is difficult. Furthermore, the importance of geodesy, which studies the shape and dimensions of the Earth, has been emphasized as a fundamental pillar for understanding the geographic environment. On the other hand, cartography, which has evolved from paper representations to digital solutions, plays a crucial role in modern geoinformatics, providing tools for analysis and decision-making. Advances in drone technology and GIS software have enabled greater versatility in the collection and analysis of geospatial data, supporting diverse sectors, from urban planning to environmental conservation.