Diabetes Management Among Low-Income Adults in New York City: Examining Health Disparities, Healthcare Access, and Social Determinants of Health (2015–2025)

Diabetes remains a major public health challenge in the United States, disproportionately affecting low-income and underserved populations. In New York City, especially the Bronx, diabetes prevalence and related complications are consistently higher among individuals facing socioeconomic disadvantages, limited healthcare access, and racial and ethnic disparities. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, many vulnerable groups encounter barriers to quality care, effective selfmanagement, and preventive services, leading to increased hospitalizations, poor health outcomes, and premature mortality. This concept paper explores diabetes care among low-income adults in New York City from 2015 to 2025, focusing on how social determinants of health influence disease management and outcomes. It highlights the interplay between poverty, healthcare access, insurance coverage, education, and structural inequalities in driving diabetes disparities. By reviewing current evidence and public health policies, the study aims to identify gaps in care and propose strategies to enhance equitable, patient-centered services. Findings are intended to assist public health practitioners, healthcare organizations, and policymakers in developing interventions that reduce disparities and improve diabetes outcomes in underserved populations.