Evaluation of Natural Plant Fibers and their Hybrid Composites to Improve Polymer Strength

Natural plant fibers have developed as viable substitutes for synthetic fibers in polymer reinforcement owing to their renewable, biodegradable, lightweight, and environmentally benign characteristics. Nevertheless, natural fibers generally demonstrate inferior mechanical qualities and increased moisture absorption relative to synthetic alternatives, constraining their independent applications. To address these limitations, hybrid composites that integrate natural fibers with either natural or synthetic fibers have been thoroughly investigated. These hybrid composites have superior mechanical, thermal, and moisture resistance characteristics due to better fiber-matrix adhesion and optimized fiber combinations. This article provides an overview of natural plant fibers, their properties, and several hybridization techniques employed to improve polymer composite performance. The text examines current advancements in hybrid composites utilising fibers such as sugar palm, kenaf, oil palm, bamboo, and jute, emphasizing their mechanical properties, manufacturing techniques, and prospective industrial uses. Challenges concerning fiber compatibility, thermal stability, and water absorption are evaluated alongside advancements in fiber treatments and alterations. The review offers insights into the design, processing, and pricing factors of natural fiber-based hybrid composites as sustainable materials for various engineering applications.