Ergonomic factors that favor musculoskeletal disorders in medical and nursing personnel in a Nicaraguan Hospital

Due to work overload, physicians and nurses are exposed to static postures and repetitive movements that promote the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), of which there are more than 150 known types. The objective of this study was to identify ergonomic factors in workplace design. An analytical, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted, with data collection using an initial job assessment, the standardized Nordic questionnaire, and the REBA method. The sample included 39 participants (14 general practitioners, 12 specialists, and 13 nurses). The results showed greater involvement in women (61.5%) and in the 35- to 50-year-old age group (53.8%). The most affected areas were the lumbar region, neck, back, and shoulders, with the lumbar region being the most compromised, especially in general practitioners (33.3%). Sixty-nine percent of staff were at high risk for MSDs due to awkward postures and inadequate work environment design. It is concluded that there is a direct relationship between dysergonomic factors and MSDs, and it is recommended that workspaces be redesigned, active breaks, task rotation, and body mechanics training be implemented as preventive strategies