Ethics of the use of artificial intelligence in virtual university education in Ecuador: challenges and perspectives

Artificial intelligence has become a key tool in educational innovation processes, particularly within the field of virtual higher education. In the Ecuadorian context, its implementation has been driven by the need to expand access and modernize teaching methods. However, significant challenges remain, including the digital divide, insufficient technological infrastructure, and the urgent need to establish clear ethical frameworks for its use. This study aimed to identify the potential of artificial intelligence in Ecuadorian virtual higher education from an ethical and responsible perspective. Methodologically, the research is descriptive with a theoretical focus, based on classical documentary analysis. Analytical-synthetic and systemic-structural methods were applied to examine scientific literature, regulations, and institutional documents, with special attention to the Ecuadorian context and educational ethics principles. The findings highlight the personalization of learning, automation of administrative processes, enhanced teacher-student interaction, and the creation of immersive and inclusive learning environments. However, risks such as the improper use of AI in academic authorship, the proliferation of phantom citations, and the absence of specific regulations were also identified. It is concluded that for artificial intelligence to effectively contribute to equitable and high-quality higher education in Ecuador, it is essential to ensure technological access and promote an ethical use that respects the academic and social values of the country.