An Investigation into the Perception and Prevalence of Mixed-Species Exhibits in Zoos and Aquaria

Mixed-species exhibits (MSE) are a common occurrence within zoological collections. They increase species diversity and provide immersive yet naturalistic experiences for both species and visitors. Although mixed-species exhibits are a common housing method for animals in zoological collections, the literature on these enclosures is limited. Animals, keepers, and visitors have the potential to benefit, or be challenged MSE, so investigations of the benefits and limitations of this practice is necessary. This study investigated the presence of MSE in a range of England zoological collections and in zoo and aquarium-based literature. Additionally, zoo professional perception of MSE was investigated using online questionnaires. The study identified a mismatch between the types of species that feature in zoo and aquarium MSE, versus those that appear in the MSE literature. MSEs were identified as being enriching from both an animal and visitor perspective, yet there was sometimes limited information on the research output to support these statements. There is scope for zoo and aquarium professionals to widen the diversity of MSE projects, to ensure that the risks and benefits of this housing method are fully investigated.