Technology transfer as a foundation for starting a business in Ukraine

The relevance of innovation development activation in Ukraine is combined with the limited use of scientific results in entrepreneurial activities, which hinders the formation of a knowledge economy. The existing gap between academic research and commercial application determines the necessity to improve technology transfer mechanisms and create conditions for efficient implementation of university initiatives. In this context, study of technology transfer as a foundation for starting a business becomes relevant. The study aimed to identify mechanisms through which technology transfer can be used as a practical basis for starting a business, as well as to develop an applied model of interaction between scientific institutions, technology transfer offices, and the entrepreneurial sector. The methodology was based on analytical, comparative, and systemic research. A logical and content analysis of scientific sources from international databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and university repositories was conducted. Generalisation of empirical data identified three directions of influence of technology transfer on business creation: scientific-technological, organisational-managerial, and socio-economic. The study addressed technology transfer as a factor in shaping entrepreneurial activity and developing innovation economy in Ukraine. The study determined that modern universities are becoming hubs for dissemination of scientific results, combining research, education, and entrepreneurial initiatives. The results showed that the effectiveness of technology transfer in Ukraine is lower than in developed countries, due to insufficient integration of science, education, and business. A model for the development of university entrepreneurship has been proposed, which combines the activities of technology transfer offices, incubators, start-up schools, and government support programs. Its implementation would contribute to increasing the commercialisation of research results, fostering an entrepreneurial culture among students and researchers, and attracting investment in the innovation sector. The practical value of this work lies in forming the analytical foundation for modernising the policy to support university-based start-ups and improving the commercialisation mechanisms for scientific developments