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Fallos De Mercado Y Seguro De Paro En Espaã‘A Antes De 1936

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  • Espuelas, Sergio

Abstract

Before 1936, private insurance against unemployment was mostly run by trade unions. Commercial companies, meanwhile, did not penetrate into this insurance branch, which is probably due to the advantages that trade unions had when dealing with adverse selection and moral hazard problems. Nevertheless, union-based unemployment insurance reached a lower level of development than other private social insurance schemes, like sickness insurance, perhaps because of the financial difficulties that economic crisis involved for unemployment funds. Also, unemployment insurance spread specially among urban and high-wage workers, although coverage rates in Spain were below those of other European countries with higher income levels. However, even in the latter private coverage against unemployment did not reach 10% of the working population. As in other European countries, Spanish unemployment union-funds implemented strict economic incentives to deal with moral hazard, but precisely this hindered the spreading of private unemployment insurance. Antes de 1936, el seguro privado contra el paro estuvo básicamente a cargo de los sindicatos, mientras que las compañías comerciales no se adentraron en esta rama del seguro, lo que se podría explicar por las ventajas que los primeros tenían a la hora de combatir los problemas de selección adversa y riesgo moral. No obstante, el seguro de paro de base sindical alcanzó menos desarrollo que otros seguros sociales privados, como el de enfermedad, quizás por las dificultades financieras que implicaban las crisis económicas. Además, el seguro de paro se difundió sobre todo entre los trabajadores urbanos con salarios elevados. En España, sin embargo, las tasas de cobertura se mantuvieron por debajo de las de otros países europeos que tenían niveles de renta más elevados, aunque incluso en estos la cobertura privada contra el paro no llegaba al 10% de la población activa. En España, como en otros países europeos, los fondos sindicales contra el paro introdujeron estrictos incentivos económicos para combatir los problemas de riesgo moral, pero eso precisamente dificultó la difusión del seguro privado de paro.

Suggested Citation

  • Espuelas, Sergio, 2013. "Fallos De Mercado Y Seguro De Paro En Espaã‘A Antes De 1936," Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 31(3), pages 387-422, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:cup:reveco:v:31:y:2013:i:03:p:387-422_00
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