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Pensions and Retirement Among Black Union Army Veterans

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  • Costa, Dora L.

Abstract

I examine the effects of an unearned income transfer on the retirement rates and living arrangements of black Union Army veterans. I find that blacks were more than twice as responsive as whites to income transfers in their retirement decisions and 6 to 8 times as responsive in their choice of independent living arrangements. My findings have implications for understanding racial differences in rates of retirement and independent living at the beginning of the twentieth century, the rise in retirement prior to 1930, and the subsequent convergence in black-white retirement rates and living arrangements.

Suggested Citation

  • Costa, Dora L., 2010. "Pensions and Retirement Among Black Union Army Veterans," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 70(3), pages 567-592, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jechis:v:70:y:2010:i:03:p:567-592_00
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    Cited by:

    1. Gregori Galofré-Vilà & Martin McKee & David Stuckler, 2022. "Quantifying the mortality impact of the 1935 old-age assistance," European Review of Economic History, European Historical Economics Society, vol. 26(1), pages 62-77.
    2. Dora L. Costa & Heather DeSomer & Eric Hanss & Christopher Roudiez & Sven E. Wilson & Noelle Yetter, 2017. "Union Army veterans, all grown up," Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(2), pages 79-95, April.

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