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Farm Family By-employments in Preindustrial Japan

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  • Smith, Thomas C.

Abstract

By-Employments, one may suppose, tend to ready preindustrial people for modern economic roles since they represent an incipient shift from agriculture to other occupations, spread skills useful to industrialization among the most backward and numerous part of the population, and stimulate ambition and geographical mobility. Although widespread in Western preindustrial societies, by-employments have been mainly treated there from the standpoint of the history of industry to the neglect of their effect on the habits, aptitudes, and outlook of fanners and their wives and children. This is partly due to the scattered and widely varied and changing forms of by-employments, which make it all but impossible to know what proportion of farmers practiced them and what part of their income they earned in this way.

Suggested Citation

  • Smith, Thomas C., 1969. "Farm Family By-employments in Preindustrial Japan," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 29(4), pages 687-715, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jechis:v:29:y:1969:i:04:p:687-715_07
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    Cited by:

    1. Osamu Saito, 2010. "By-employment and historical occupational structures in comparative perspective," Working Papers 10001, Economic History Society.
    2. Osamu Saito & Masanori Takashima, 2016. "Estimating the shares of secondary- and tertiary-sector outputs in the age of early modern growth: the case of Japan, 1600–18741," European Review of Economic History, European Historical Economics Society, vol. 20(3), pages 368-386.

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