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Does Administration Mode Affect Survey Outcomes Among Hard-to-Reach Populations? An Intercept Survey with Beef Cattle Farmers

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  • Zhang, Jingyuan
  • Melo, Grace

Abstract

We conducted an intercept survey with beef cattle farmers using paper and electronic modes to examine administration mode effects. Three outcomes were measured: (1) preferences for H-2A reforms using a discrete choice experiment, (2) responses to closed-ended questions regarding labor, and (3) survey process measures such as completion time and respondent experiences. Results show that closed-ended responses and utility scales were comparable across modes, while mean preference estimates differed. Respondents in the paper mode spent more time, paid closer attention, and reported higher satisfaction. We recommend the paper mode for complex instruments that require greater participant engagement.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Jingyuan & Melo, Grace, 2026. "Does Administration Mode Affect Survey Outcomes Among Hard-to-Reach Populations? An Intercept Survey with Beef Cattle Farmers," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 58(3), pages 390-409, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jagaec:v:58:y:2026:i:3:p:390-409_2
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