Phytochemical Investigation, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Adaptogenic Medicinal Potential of Vidanga (Embelia ribes)

Embelia ribes known for its medicinal properties, has been recognized since ancient times due to its association with oxidative stress, preventing cognitive decline. Studies were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and non-invasive antistress activities on rats of Vidanga (Embelia ribes) ethanolic extract. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and their antioxidant capacity was assessed by inhibiting lipid peroxidation free radicals. The antistress properties of extract were tested in rats at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg using a forced swim stress test. The study measured urinary excretion levels of vanillylmandellic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and ascorbic acid in all groups under normal and stress conditions. The extract of Embelia ribes showed a high total phenolic content (16.38 ± 0.24 mg GAE/g DW) and a low total flavonoid content (1.32±0.2 mg RE/g DW). The minimum inhibitory concentration of the Embelia ribes extract was found 1000 ppm for Staphylococcus aureus and 1250 ppm for Escherichia coli. The ethanolic extracts of Embelia ribes revealed greatest antioxidant activity in terms of 50% lipid peroxides radical scavenging activity (249.5±0.25 µg/ml) as compare to ascorbic acid (229.4±0.98 µg/ml), needed for the same effect. The administration of extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg led to a reduction in urinary metabolites levels. Research shows Embelia ribes extracts have a highly effective against microbial growth, positive correlation with antioxidant and antistress properties in rodent subjects, indicating their potential as a natural antimicrobial, antioxidant and adaptogenic agent.