Migration policy: Essence, initial principles, legal basis

The problem of forming a balanced migration policy, regulation of labor migration, which is relevant for the world as a whole is analyzed in this article. Migration policy is a basic element of the strategy of migration managing policy in both nation states and in supranational entities. Awareness of integrated, multilevel management of migration is growing processes in a global pandemic. It is noted that in the modern scientific literature there is no generally accepted understanding of the phenomenon of migration policy. This concept is general, encompassing different, albeit interrelated, areas that form part of a common policy framework in the areas of migration and asylum. The formation of migration policy should take into account the human rights to life and liberty, which are basic and obliges the state to ensure free entry and exit of citizens, as well as asylum for foreigners who are persecuted in their own country and, accordingly, not can take advantage of its protection is emphasized. Modern migration policy is based on the principles of openness, expediency, humanism, gender equality, combination of personal interest with the national interest, and so on. The purpose of migration policy is variable depending on the level of development of the state, the dominant political forces, national mentality, traditions and features of culture, international relations, etc. Attention to the fact that formulating migration policy it is necessary to take into account national peculiarities in the process of cooperation between states and the need to coordinate the goals of foreign and migration policy is drawn. A draft Pact on migration and asylum, which should reduce the burden on the countries where most refugees arrive and speed up the decision on granting or not granting asylum is considered. The presented document covers three main dimensions of the migration issue - the reception of people at the border, the division of responsibilities between EU countries and cooperation with the countries where refugees mostly come from. It is noteworthy that the project places more emphasis on the return system for migrants who have been denied asylum. This includes improving the legislation and creating a Return Coordinator with a network of national representatives. It remains to consider this document by the Council of the EU and the European Parliament. The European Union is changing the rules of migration policy