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熱搜機制下斷章取義內容傳播對自然人名譽權的侵權認定

Author

Listed:
  • 李瑾

    (江蘇大學,江蘇 鎮江,212013)

Abstract

隨著短視頻平臺在公共輿論中的作用不斷增強,“熱搜”榜逐漸成為集中注意力和放大情緒的關鍵環節。社會事件或個人行為經由演算法篩選與使用者互動進入熱搜後,內容常被切割、拼接或脫離原語境呈現,其中以“斷章取義”的方式傳播並引發輿論偏向的情形尤為常見。這類傳播並非一定虛構事實,卻因語境缺失、關鍵資訊省略或片段性拼接,使受眾對當事人的評價明顯偏離事實整體,從而對自然人名譽權造成實質侵害。 本文以我國現行民法體系為基礎,結合典型司法實踐,分析熱搜機制下斷章取義內容的生成與擴散邏輯,重點探討名譽權侵權構成要件在這一語境中的適用變化。研究指出,判斷違法性與損害事實時,不能僅以“是否捏造事實”為標準,而應考慮語義的整體真實性與語境完整性。斷章取義可表現為三種主要類型:語境缺失導致意義反轉、事實省略造成誤導、再敘事性拼接形成暗示性指控。不同類型對應不同的侵權風險與責任劃分。 在熱搜傳播場景中,違法性、損害事實、因果關係及過錯認定均出現新的判斷難點。平臺的演算法推薦與榜單機制不僅放大個體內容的影響力,也在侵權形成中承擔了重要的結構性作用。內容創作者、傳播參與者與平臺之間的責任應當分層分析,平臺的注意義務應與其控制能力和風險預見性相匹配。 本文嘗試提出可操作的侵權認定思路:以語境真實性作為違法性判斷的核心標準,以社會評價受損的客觀表徵作為損害認定依據,並將平臺放大機制納入因果關係審查。研究旨在在保障公眾表達空間的同時,完善熱搜傳播環境下的名譽權保護,為司法裁判提供可適用的規範路徑。

Suggested Citation

  • 李瑾, 2025. "熱搜機制下斷章取義內容傳播對自然人名譽權的侵權認定," Legal Perspectives, Brilliance Publishing Ltd., vol. 1(2), pages 25-34, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:ctz:legper:v:1:y:2025:i:2:p:25-34
    DOI: 10.53104/fxsy.2025.01.02.003
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