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“一刀切”式執法與行政裁量權濫用:成都共用單車清理行動評析

Author

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  • 李思源

    (西南政法大学)

Abstract

近年來,隨著共用單車在中國城市的迅猛擴張,圍繞其治理的政策衝突與執法爭議不斷加劇。以成都市為代表的一些地方政府在面對此類新興業態治理難題時,往往選擇採用“統一清理”“全面封存”等極端化手段,形成具有代表性的一刀切式執法實踐。該類做法雖可在短期內取得秩序回穩的“政績性”效果,卻在法治與治理現代化視角下暴露出明顯的問題,特別是行政裁量權邊界模糊、程式保障缺位元與社會協同缺失等結構性困境。本文以“成都共用單車集中清理事件”為實證案例,綜合運用行政法理、城市治理理論與比較治理分析方法,對“一刀切”式執法行為的制度邏輯與法律風險進行系統評析。文章首先從行政裁量的理論出發,梳理其應受限於比例原則、正當程式與合理性標準的基本框架,進而揭示“一刀切”模式在裁量行使中對這些原則的系統性侵蝕。其次,通過實地政策回顧與社會輿情梳理,指出成都模式下的裁量行為受限於技術工具缺位、問責壓力傳導與風險規避心理的交互影響,呈現出典型的“應急治理—合法性懸空”結構。在比較分析部分,本文引入杭州“限投備案+資料平臺”治理模式與北京“街道協商+區域自治”經驗,強調協商治理、資料治理與柔性執法在解決裁量濫用問題上的實際效能。在此基礎上,文章提出包括“一刀切禁止清單”“裁量備案機制”“公眾參與程式”與“司法可訴路徑”在內的四項系統性對策建議,旨在推動地方政府從風險防控導向轉向程式法治導向,從權力集中走向裁量審慎,真正實現行政裁量從工具理性向制度規範的轉型升級。本研究的理論意義在於豐富了行政裁量權規範研究的情境維度與程式構建路徑,其現實意義則在於為共用出行、數位平臺與其他新興治理領域提供規範與彈性相結合的治理範式參考。

Suggested Citation

  • 李思源, 2025. "“一刀切”式執法與行政裁量權濫用:成都共用單車清理行動評析," Legal Perspectives, Brilliance Publishing Ltd., vol. 1(1), pages 1-16, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:ctz:legper:v:1:y:2025:i:1:p:1-16
    DOI: 10.53104/fxsy.2025.01.01.001
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