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Gestión estratégica del comercio exterior: impacto de la administración aduanera en la desviación del comercio suramericano
[Strategic Foreign Trade Management: The Impact of Customs Administration on Trade Diversion in South America]

Author

Listed:
  • Julian Stevan Silva Pulido

    (Universidad Santo Tomás)

Abstract

[EN] Introduction: Regional economic integration in South America has strengthened trade among the member countries of the Southern Common Market (Mercosur). However, economic asymmetries and differences in customs policies continue to generate trade diversion processes that may affect the benefits derived from regional integration. Methodology: The study adopted a quantitative, descriptive, and correlational approach based on secondary data obtained from the World Bank and international organizations specializing in foreign trade and regional integration. Econometric functional form models were employed to evaluate the relationship between exports and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Results: The findings revealed heterogeneous behavior across the analyzed economies. Positive export elasticities were identified in Brazil and Uruguay, whereas Argentina and Paraguay exhibited predominantly negative elasticities. In addition, customs and trade policies were found to significantly influence trade diversion processes by shaping both intra- and extra-regional trade flows. Conclusions: Productive asymmetries and the degree of customs modernization are key determinants of the benefits derived from regional economic integration. Strengthening institutional capacities and harmonizing customs policies can therefore enhance the competitiveness and efficiency of Mercosur. [ES] Introducción: La integración económica regional en Suramérica ha fortalecido el comercio entre los países del Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur); sin embargo, persisten asimetrías económicas y diferencias en las políticas aduaneras que pueden generar procesos de desviación del comercio y afectar los beneficios derivados de la integración regional. Metodología: La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo y correlacional, utilizando información secundaria proveniente del Banco Mundial y de organismos internacionales especializados en comercio exterior e integración regional. Se aplicaron modelos econométricos de formas funcionales para evaluar la relación entre las exportaciones y el producto interno bruto (PIB) per cápita en Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron un comportamiento heterogéneo entre las economías analizadas. Se identificaron elasticidades positivas en Brasil y Uruguay, mientras que Argentina y Paraguay presentaron elasticidades predominantemente negativas. Asimismo, se encontró que las políticas aduaneras y comerciales influyen significativamente en los procesos de desviación del comercio, condicionando la distribución de los flujos comerciales tanto intrarregionales como extrarregionales. Conclusiones: Las asimetrías productivas y el grado de modernización de los sistemas aduaneros constituyen factores determinantes para el aprovechamiento de los beneficios de la integración económica regional. En este sentido, el fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales y la armonización de las políticas aduaneras pueden contribuir a mejorar la competitividad y la eficiencia del Mercosur.

Suggested Citation

  • Julian Stevan Silva Pulido, 2026. "Gestión estratégica del comercio exterior: impacto de la administración aduanera en la desviación del comercio suramericano [Strategic Foreign Trade Management: The Impact of Customs Administration on Trade Diversion in South America]," Revista Estrategia Organizacional, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, vol. 15(2), pages 119-139, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000577:023824
    DOI: 10.22490/25392786.11843
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