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La participación política en los Acuerdos de Paz: los casos de El Salvador y Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Angie Lorena Durán Guerrero
  • Laura Daniela Mendoza Villamil

Abstract

El Salvador y Colombia representan dos casos de países latinoamericanos que han vivido el escenario de la lucha armada por grupos al margen de la ley. Teniendo en cuenta que ya han pasado veintiséis anos desde la firma del Acuerdo de Paz salvadoreno con el FMLN, tomar a El Salvador como ejemplo puede brindar una visión sobre los aciertos y deficiencias del caso colombiano, dado que el Acuerdo de Paz con las FARC inició su etapa de implementación hace apenas dos anos. Especialmente, el punto de participación política es presentado como clave para el proceso de reincorporación de los excombatientes, pues engloba las demandas de acceso al sistema político, razón por la que históricamente surgieron ambas guerrillas. El presente trabajo pretende analizar comparativamente el grado de implementación del punto de participación política contenido en el punto seis del Acuerdo de Chapultepec y en el punto dos del Acuerdo de La Habana. Para tal fin, se usará una metodología cualitativa, descriptiva y comparativa, que establezca las diferencias y similitudes en la implementación del mencionado punto. El análisis de cinco variables que fueron establecidas para comparar el contenido de los Acuerdos y de los resultados electorales de los partidos políticos que surgen de los grupos guerrilleros, permiten concluir que el éxito de estos partidos no depende estrictamente de lo pactado en los acuerdos y del cumplimiento de los mismos, sino que las dinámicas de estos grupos en tanto guerrillas tienen un impacto políticamente relevante aún después de la desmovilización. El Salvador and Colombia represent two cases of Latin American countries that have experienced the scenario of armed struggle by groups outside the law. Taking into account that twenty-six years have passed since the signing of the Salvadoran Peace Agreement with the FMLN, taking El Salvador as an example can provide insight into the successes and deficiencies of the Colombian case, given that the Peace Agreement with the FARC began its implementation stage almost two years ago. Especially, the point of political participation is presented as a key to the process of reinstatement of ex-combatants, as it encompasses the demands for access to the political system, which is why both guerrillas historically emerged. This paper intends to analyze comparatively the degree of implementation of the political participation point contained in point six of the Chapultepec Agreement and in point two of the Havana Agreement. To this end, a qualitative, descriptive and comparative methodology will be used, which establishes the differences and similarities in the implementation of the aforementioned point. The analysis of five variables that were established to compare the content of the Agreements and the electoral results of the political parties that arise from the guerrilla groups, allow us to conclude that the success of these parties does not depend strictly on what is agreed in the Agreements and the compliance with them, but the dynamics of these groups as guerrillas have a politically relevant impact even after demobilization.

Suggested Citation

  • Angie Lorena Durán Guerrero & Laura Daniela Mendoza Villamil, 2019. "La participación política en los Acuerdos de Paz: los casos de El Salvador y Colombia," Revista Perspectivas en Inteligencia, Escuela de Inteligencia y Contrainteligencia Bg. Ricardo Charry Solano, vol. 11(20), pages 303-315, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000555:018243
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    acuerdos de paz; seguridad nacional; sistema político y desmovilización;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • F51 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions
    • F52 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - National Security; Economic Nationalism

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