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El fruto del neoliberalismo: Organización laboral transnacional en el contexto de la industria bananera global, y el caso ecuatoriano

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  • Steve Striffler

Abstract

El levantamiento laboral de 1928 en Colombia y la masacre subsecuente, mostró la primera de una larga lista de asaltos políticos en las plantaciones de propiedad extranjera, planteando el principio del fin de un sistema de producción organizado alrededor del enclave extranjero. La confrontación política popular creciente hacia las corporaciones extranjeras no sólo conducirían a las multinacionales hacia el Ecuador (donde se desarrollaría la industria bananera más grande del mundo en comienzos de los anos 50), sino que también llevaría a las multinacionales a abandonar la producción directa y a desarrollar un sistema de producción por contrato, como la que define la industria contemporánea. La United Fruit se dirigió a Ecuador en los anos 30 porque la tierra y el trabajo eran baratos, disponibles, y desorganizados. Como continúan siendo hasta estos días. El hecho que la mano de obra en la industria bananera más grande del mundo, sea esencialmente desorganizada es un problema enorme para los otros trabajadores bananeros de América latina. En una industria global, la organización de trabajo es tan fuerte como su eslabón más débil. En el caso de la industria del banano, el eslabón más débil (Ecuador) es también el más grande.******This paper takes the 1928 massacre in Colombia as a point of departure, suggesting that it, and the broader popular political challenge it represented to foreign corporations, not only led multinationals to Ecuador (where they would develop the world’s largest banana industry by the early 1950s), but also led multinationals to get out of direct production and develop a system of contract production that defines the industry to the present day. United Fruit turned to Ecuador in the 1930s because land and labor was cheap, available, and unorganized. The same is true today, and the fact that the labor force in the world’s largest banana industry remains essentially unorganized is a huge problem for banana workers throughout Latin America. In a global industry, labor organizing is only as strong as the weakest link. In the case of the banana industry, the weakest link also happens to be the largest one.

Suggested Citation

  • Steve Striffler, 2008. "El fruto del neoliberalismo: Organización laboral transnacional en el contexto de la industria bananera global, y el caso ecuatoriano," Revista Clio América, Universidad del Magdalena, vol. 0, pages 179-194, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000506:014989
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