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Efectividad de la política monetaria y elasticidad precio de la oferta de la vivienda en una economía emergente
[Monetary Policy Effectiveness and Price Elasticity of Housing Supply in an Emerging Economy]

Author

Listed:
  • López Martha
  • Eduardo Sarmiento Gómez

Abstract

La elasticidad precio de la oferta en el mercado de vivienda es determinante a la hora de establecer el efecto de un choque de demanda agregada, como puede ser un choque de política monetaria, sobre la variación de los precios de la vivienda. Estudios de este tipo han sido realizados principalmente para economías avanzadas, pero para economías emergentes, como la colombiana, los estudios son escasos. En este documento hacemos una estimación de dicha elasticidad oferta utilizando información a nivel de ciudades de Colombia y con una metodología econométrica de parámetros variantes en el tiempo para el período 2011T2 - 2024T4. Adicionalmente, estimamos el efecto de un choque de política monetaria sobre los precios de la vivienda dependiendo del nivel de elasticidad oferta de esta. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que para todas las ciudades la elasticidad oferta fue decreciente hasta antes de la pandemia de COVID-19, que durante esta se incrementó y posteriormente volvió a ser decreciente. Para ciudades como Bogotá, la elasticidad osciló entre 4,7 y 9,9 y para ciudades como Armenia estuvo entre 14,8 y 22,4. Por su parte, teniendo en cuenta esta heterogeneidad entre ciudades, estimamos que un aumento unitario en la sorpresa de política monetaria tiene un efecto fuerte y duradero de reducción de 6 puntos porcentuales (p.p.) del crecimiento de los precios de la vivienda a medida que la curva de oferta se torna más inelástica. La tendencia decreciente de la elasticidad oferta en el tiempo está relacionada con el aumento de la población en las ciudades, haciendo más difícil la efectividad de la política monetaria. -----The price elasticity of supply in the housing market is crucial when determining the effect of an aggregate demand shock, such as a monetary policy shock, on the variation in housing prices. Studies of this type have been conducted mainly for advanced economies, but for emerging economies, like Colombia, such studies are scarce. In this paper, we estimate this supply elasticity using city-level data from Colombia and a time-varying parameter econometric methodology for the period 2011Q2 - 2024Q4. Additionally, we estimate the effect of a monetary policy shock on housing prices depending on the level of supply elasticity. Our findings show that for all cities, supply elasticity was decreasing until before the COVID-19 pandemic, then increased during the pandemic and subsequently decreased again. For cities like Bogotá, the elasticity ranged from 4.7 to 9.9, and for cities like Armenia, it ranged from 14.8 to 22.4. Considering this heterogeneity across cities, we estimate that a unitary increase in the monetary policy surprise has astrong and lasting effect, reducing house price growth by 6 percentage points (p.p.) as the supply curve becomes more inelastic. The decreasing trend of housing elasticities over time is related to the increase in cities population, this results in a reduction in the monetary policy effectiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • López Martha & Eduardo Sarmiento Gómez, 2025. "Efectividad de la política monetaria y elasticidad precio de la oferta de la vivienda en una economía emergente [Monetary Policy Effectiveness and Price Elasticity of Housing Supply in an Emerging Economy]," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 55, pages 239-256, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:022394
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets

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