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Terrorismo: recurrencia, causalidad y expansión

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  • Andrés Molano Rojas

Abstract

Resumen Para efectos de este trabajo, el terrorismo se entiende como un método de acción política violenta, que tiende a articularse en procesos de larga duración (campanas terroristas), con el fin de compensar asimetrías en el contexto de un conflicto. Como método, el terrorismo opera provocando una destrucción o caos suntuario, según un modelo eminentemente transitivo y cuyo efecto psicológico es superior a sus efectos materiales (por cuanto elige objetivos con alto valor simbólico), a efectos de transmitir un mensaje y afectar grandes audiencias, en aras de la promoción (principal aunque no exclusivamente) de determinadas pretensiones políticas (Molano-Rojas, 2010). Una de las características más llamativas del método terrorista es su tendencia a presentarse en oleadas de cobertura global. Un investigador pionero (Rapoport, 2004: 47) definió estas oleadas como "un ciclo de actividad en un periodo determinado -un ciclo caracterizado por fases de expansión y contracción... (cuyo) rasgo fundamental es su carácter internacional; actividades similares que ocurren en varios países, orientadas por una fuerza común predominante que determina las características y relaciones mutuas entre los grupos participantes". Siguiendo esta hipótesis, se ha sugerido en otra parte (Molano-Rojas, 2009b) la existencia de tres ciclos globales de terrorismo, es decir, momenta (más que periodos) durante los cuales se intensificó y extendió el uso del terrorismo como método predilecto para la acción política por diversos grupos en todo el mundo: un "ciclo revolucionario" (que va desde 1870 hasta 1914, aproximadamente), uno "emancipatorio" (que se produciría entre 1948 y 1980), y uno más reciente, el "milenarista", que data de la década de 1990 y actualmente estaría en plena expansión. Abstract TERRORISM, RECURRENCE, CAUSALITY, EXPANSION For the purposes of this work, the terrorism is understood as a method of political violent action, which tends to be articulated in processes of long duration (terrorist campaigns), in order to compensate asymmetries in the context of a conflict. As method, the terrorism operates provoking a destruction or chaos, according to an eminently transitive model and whose psychological effect is superior to his material effects (since it chooses aims with high symbolic value), to effects of transmitting a message and affecting big audiencies, in order to promote (principal though not exclusively) certain political pretensions (Molano-red, 2010). One of the most remarkable characteristics of the terrorist method is his trend to appear in big waves of global coverage. A pioneering investigator (Rapoport, 2004:47) defined these big waves as " a cycle of activity in a certain period - a cycle characterized by phases of expansion and contraction ... (whose) fundamental feature is his international character; similar activities that happen in several countries, orientated by a common predominant force that determines the characteristics and mutual relations between the groups participants ". Following this hypothesis, has been suggested in another part (Molano-red, 2009b) the existence of three global cycles of terrorism, that is to say, momenta (more than periods) during which the use of the terrorism as favorite method for the political action for diverse groups in the whole world was intensified and extended: a " revolutionary cycle " (that goes from 1870 until 1914, approximately), a "explanatory" (that would take place between 1948 and 1980), and the more recent one, the "milenarist", which dates back of the decade of 1990 and nowadays it would be in full expansion. Resumo Terrorismo : recorrencia, causalidade e expansao Para efeitos deste trabalho, o terrorismo é entendido como um método de acao política violenta, que tende a se articular em processos de longa duracao (campanhas terroristas), com a finalidade de compensar assimetrias no contexto de um conflito. Como método, o terrorismo opera provocando uma

Suggested Citation

  • Andrés Molano Rojas, 2010. "Terrorismo: recurrencia, causalidad y expansión," Revista Criterio Libre, Universidad Libre - Sede Principal.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000370:007829
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    Keywords

    Terrorismo; recurrencia; causalidad; expansiónKeywords: Terrorism; recurrence; causality; expansionP;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • N40 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - General, International, or Comparative
    • K10 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - General (Constitutional Law)

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