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Unequal Inclusion: The Production of Social Differences in Education Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Marcus Emmerich

    (Institute of Education, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Tübingen, Germany)

  • Ulrike Hormel

    (Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Educational and Social Sciences, University of Education Ludwigsburg, Germany)

Abstract

The article raises the question of whether and how education systems produce social differences internally rather than reproducing pre‐existing “external” inequalities. Linking Niklas Luhmann’s theory of inclusion/exclusion with Charles Tilly’s theory of categorical inequalities, and based on empirical data from various qualitative studies, the article identifies an “observation regime” epistemically constituting the social classification of students and legitimising organisational closure mechanisms in the school system. As an alternative to the “reproduction paradigm,” a research approach guided by differentiation theory is proposed that takes into account that educational inequality operationally arises on the “inside” of the educational system and is caused by unequal inclusion processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcus Emmerich & Ulrike Hormel, 2021. "Unequal Inclusion: The Production of Social Differences in Education Systems," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(3), pages 301-312.
  • Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v:9:y:2021:i:3:p:301-312
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kenneth Horvath & Regula Julia Leemann, 2021. "The Politics of Inequalities in Education: Exploring Epistemic Orders and Educational Arrangements of Durable Disadvantaging," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(3), pages 296-300.
    2. Erol Yildiz & Florian Ohnmacht, 2022. "Educational Success Despite School? From Cultural Hegemony to a Post‐Inclusive School," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 10(2), pages 313-323.

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