The Syrian Conflict and the Deepening Middle Eastern Crisis (2023–2024)

This article examines the multifaceted factors that have contributed to the Syrian conflict and its prolonged duration. Foremost among these is the active support provided by external actors to the Syrian radical Islamist opposition. The study employs the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and authenticity as its methodological framework. It explores the regional dynamics that emerged following the 2023 restoration of relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran, facilitated by China’s mediation. This reconciliation played a pivotal role in improving relations between Arab countries – particularly Saudi Arabia and Syria – and reinstating Syria as a competent member of the League of Arab States. The article also analyzes the evolution of the military and political situation in the region after the onset of the conflict involving Israel, HAMAS, and Hizballah. Furthermore, it examines the escalating tensions between Syria and pro-Iranian forces stationed in the country and Israel following the outbreak of hostilities in Gaza. Additionally, the study evaluates the actions of groups that, with external support, led to the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad’s leadership during November– December 2024