Les changements d'instruments de la politique de l'emploi en Wallonie et en France

This article aims at analyzing the nature and scope of the changes introduced by the implementation of in Wallonia and France?s employment policies. These changes weakly affect institutions or actor systems but they strongly hit the public action instruments. Power relations and competition between national institutions remain essential for the change of instruments. The authors? objective is to emphasize that incremental changes brought to policy tools and actors system can finally produce drastic changes in the deep core and objectives of the national employment policies. They also point out that in spite of its weak regulatory capacity in this field of public action, the recommendations of the European Union have produced major and convergent effects on these two national policies. The principles of activation, individualization, territorialization and symmetrically seem to play a structuring role in the two analyzed areas