Emploi agrégé, polarisation des emplois et inégalités de salaire : une comparaison transatlantique

This article analyzes the short-term and long-term impacts of the structural labor market reforms, in a situation where large reallocations are necessary following the adoption of new technologies. We focus on the problem of the employment levels in European countries to understand the changes in its composition. In the United States, new technologies destroy jobs in the middle of the wage distribution, and create new jobs in the top and the bottom of this distribution. This process generates an increase in employment in this country. Conversely, the process of job polarization is locked in France, this blockage leading to job losses. We show that the interaction between the minimum wage increases and biased technological progress is the main cause of the low employment rate French.