Océan, bien public mondial : un enjeu pour l'humanité

In recent decades, the Ocean has become an object of conquest. Not only is it subject to major pressures - overexploitation of certain resources, pollution, climate change - but the status of this vast expanse is changing at an accelerating pace. Today, based on existing international conventions, around 36% of the ocean's surface is under the sovereignty or jurisdiction of a coastal state. This means that the remaining 64% is in international waters with few or no rules. The administrative limits defined by treaties have no physical or biological reality and the Ocean provides numerous services to populations, the climate, and the economy, which it is important to preserve in a context of climate crisis. Much remains to be done to protect biodiversity, combat overfishing, and the proliferation of plastic waste. JEL classification: F64, H41, Q05.