De la théorie du système technique à la systémique technologique. Une formalisation pertinente pour rendre compte de l'innovation technologique

There is still a great need to understand the laws of technological movement, and the structure and the forms of technological organization in society, in order to empower innovation actions and policies, both at the level of the firm and at the public level. This article aims at answering this need by the systematic presentation of the theoretical foundations of an approach of the technological system and by showing possible operational applications; theoretical formalizations of technical systems by Gille, Hughes, Simondon..., continuing the tradition beginning with the ?Encyclopédie?, up to the ?Mécanologie? development, including the German cinematique of Reuleaux, will be exposed in the first part of this paper. A synthesis of the state of the theory according to these contributions will be presented in a second part. This approach will be enriched with the integration of the constructivist conception and of the technological systemic theory. We will conclude with the description of operationalization perspectives for this approach, as well as the development of a technological prospective, seen as the development of technological systemic means for design. JEL Codes: 030, 031, 033, 052