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Lower nitrogen nutrition determines higher phenolic content of organic apples Juozas Lanauskas1, Darius Kviklys1, Mindaugas Liaudanskas2, Valdimaras

Author

Listed:
  • Juozas Lanauskas

    (Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania)

  • Darius Kviklys

    (Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania)

  • Mindaugas Liaudanskas

    (Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Valdimaras Janulis

    (Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Nobertas Uselis

    (Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania)

  • Jonas Viškelis

    (Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania)

  • Pranas Viškelis

    (Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Babtai, Lithuania)

Abstract

Phenolic content of apples from an integrated and organic apple tree orchard was analysed at the Institute of Horticulture of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2012-2013. Apples of 'Lodel' and 'Aldas' cultivars on rootstock B.396 in 8-9th leaf were tested. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied annually at the rates of 50 kg/ha N and 66.4 kg/ha K in an integrated fruit orchard. A mixture of perennial grasses with 25% of white clover was sown in interrows in the second year after tree establishment in the organic production system. Every two years sward in alternate interrows was tilled for natural organic matter mineralization. Fertilizers were not used in the organic apple orchard. Organic apples of both cultivars had a higher content of procyanidins B1 and B2, phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin. Organic 'Aldas' apples also contained more hyperoside, avicularin and quercitrin than non-organic apples. On average, the total phenolic content of organic apples of both cultivars was 43% higher than that of apples from the integrated orchard. These differences could be explained by nitrogen nutrition: the N content in organically grown apple leaves was significantly lower than that in leaves from the integrated production system. Tree trunk diameter and yield of organic apple were less, and fruits were better coloured.

Suggested Citation

  • Juozas Lanauskas & Darius Kviklys & Mindaugas Liaudanskas & Valdimaras Janulis & Nobertas Uselis & Jonas Viškelis & Pranas Viškelis, 2017. "Lower nitrogen nutrition determines higher phenolic content of organic apples Juozas Lanauskas1, Darius Kviklys1, Mindaugas Liaudanskas2, Valdimaras," Horticultural Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 44(3), pages 113-119.
    • Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:44:y:2017:i:3:id:50-2016-hortsci
    DOI: 10.17221/50/2016-HORTSCI
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. D. Kviklys & M. Liaudanskas & V. Janulis & P. Viškelis & M. Rubinskiené & J. Lanauskas & N. Uselis, 2014. "Rootstock genotype determines phenol content in apple fruits," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 60(5), pages 234-240.
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