Polarized Equality? Ideological and Affective Divides Over Gender Equality in Europe

Objective This study examines polarization over gender equality in Europe, an issue that has received limited attention in the polarization literature despite growing politicization and opposition, particularly from conservative and far‐right actors. Methods The analysis draws on original survey data collected in ten European countries in fall 2022. It integrates ideological and affective dimensions of polarization. Affective polarization is assessed using feeling thermometers to examine in‐group favoritism and out‐group hostility between supporters and opponents of gender equality. Results The findings reveal substantial affective polarization between supporters and opponents of gender equality, with stronger in‐group favoritism and out‐group hostility among supporters. Polarization over gender equality aligns with existing partisan and ideological cleavages, especially among New Left and far‐right political groups. Conclusion The study extends research on affective polarization beyond partisanship by demonstrating the relevance of issue‐based group identities centered on gender equality. It contributes to a deeper understanding of how gender equality, politicization, and polarization intersect in contemporary Europe and offers a new methodological approach for studying the polarization of political issues.