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Preventive investment and relief spending for natural disasters: Why do rescue operations cause big spending for prevention?

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  • Hiroyuki Seshimo
  • Fukuju Yamazaki

Abstract

This paper considers the locational decisions of residents in a small, open linear city at risk for natural disasters and analyses the relationship between disaster preventive investment as public goods and compensation by the government. Remarkably, the ex post optimal compensation policy, a type of fully covered compensation, makes the residential area more vulnerable to natural disasters. As a result, the ex post compensation policy requires excess preventive investment. External financing does not improve this problem and may actually exacerbate it. Based on these theoretical findings, we propose a socially optimal disaster policy to resolve these issues. Este artículo analiza las decisiones de ubicación de los residentes de una ciudad pequeña, abierta y lineal bajo el riesgo de desastres por amenazas naturales y analiza la relación entre la inversión en prevención de desastres como un bien público y la compensación por parte del gobierno. Notablemente, la política de compensación óptima ex post, que es un tipo de compensación totalmente garantizada, hace que la zona residencial sea más vulnerable a los desastres por amenazas naturales. En consecuencia, la política de compensación ex post requiere un exceso de inversiones preventivas. La financiación externa no mejora este problema y, de hecho, puede exacerbarlo. A partir de estos hallazgos teóricos, proponemos una política de desastres socialmente óptima para resolver estos problemas. 本稿では、自然災害リスクのある小規模の線状都市における住民の居住地の決定について考察し、公共財としての防災投資と政府の補償との関連性を分析する。注目すべきことに完全補償のひとつのタイプである、事後保証型の最適補償政策は、住居地域を自然災害に対してさらに脆弱なものにしている。結果的に、事後保証型の最適補償政策は過剰な防災投資が必要となる。外部からの資金調達ではこの問題は改善されず、逆に状況を悪化させる可能性がある。理論的な分析による知見から、これらの問題を解消する、社会的に最適な対災害政策を提案する。

Suggested Citation

  • Hiroyuki Seshimo & Fukuju Yamazaki, 2018. "Preventive investment and relief spending for natural disasters: Why do rescue operations cause big spending for prevention?," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(3), pages 161-187, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:161-187
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12129
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