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Digital Governance Enhancement: Quantifying Smart City Policy Effectiveness in China's Urban Transformation

Author

Listed:
  • Guangdong Wu
  • Jiawen Li
  • Zhibin Hu
  • Bingsheng Liu

Abstract

Within the framework of Digital China, creating effective policies to support the development of smart cities remains a longstanding challenge. Yet, there has been insufficient focus on evaluating and optimizing these policies. To address this knowledge gap, our study advances policy process theory by integrating the multiple streams framework (MSF) with the policy model consistency Index (PMC‐Index) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). This novel hybrid framework systematically evaluates the effectiveness of China's smart city policies (SCPs) and identifies data‐driven optimization strategies. The findings reveal that central guidance notwithstanding, the innovative nature of local policies results in marked differences from the central government's approach. The findings reveal that local governments exhibit superior policy entrepreneurship, translating central directives into contextualized innovations. Additionally, while SCPs demonstrate strong overall consistency, significant challenges persist—including institutional fragmentation, field restrictions, and tool imbalances. Accordingly, three advanced optimization strategies are identified: top‐level guidance, domain expansion, and comprehensive synergy. These insights not only enrich the theoretical understanding of policy design but also provide policymakers with actionable guidance to tailor policies according to urban conditions and resource endowments, thereby enhancing adaptive governance to secure urban digital transformation. 在“数字中国”建设背景下,制定有效政策以支持智慧城市发展始终是一项长期挑战。然而,学界对这些政策的评估与优化关注不足。为弥补这一研究空白,本研究通过整合多源流框架(MSF)、政策模型一致性指数(PMC‐Index)与模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA),拓展了政策过程理论。这一创新的混合分析框架系统评估了中国智慧城市政策(SCPs)的有效性,并识别出数据驱动的优化策略。研究发现,尽管存在中央层面的指导,但地方政策的创新特质导致其与中央政府的路径存在显著差异。地方政府展现出卓越的政策创业精神,能够将中央指令转化为因地制宜的创新实践。此外,尽管智慧城市政策在整体上表现出较高的一致性,但仍面临制度碎片化、领域局限及政策工具失衡等严峻挑战。据此,本研究提出了三项优化策略:顶层引导、领域拓展与综合协同。这些研究发现不仅丰富了关于政策设计的理论认知,也为政策制定者提供了可操作的指导,使其能够根据城市具体条件与资源禀赋量身定制政策,从而提升适应性治理能力,确保城市数字化转型的顺利推进。 En el marco de la iniciativa China Digital, la creación de políticas eficaces para impulsar el desarrollo de ciudades inteligentes sigue siendo un reto persistente. Sin embargo, se ha prestado insuficiente atención a la evaluación y optimización de estas políticas. Para abordar esta brecha de conocimiento, nuestro estudio profundiza en la teoría del proceso político mediante la integración del marco de flujos múltiples (MSF) con el Índice de Consistencia del Modelo de Políticas (PMC‐Index) y el análisis comparativo cualitativo de conjuntos difusos (fsQCA). Este novedoso marco híbrido evalúa sistemáticamente la eficacia de las políticas de ciudades inteligentes (SCP) de China e identifica estrategias de optimización basadas en datos. Los resultados revelan que, a pesar de la orientación central, la naturaleza innovadora de las políticas locales genera diferencias notables con respecto al enfoque del gobierno central. Los hallazgos demuestran que los gobiernos locales exhiben una mayor capacidad de innovación política, traduciendo las directivas centrales en innovaciones contextualizadas. Además, si bien las SCP demuestran una sólida coherencia general, persisten desafíos importantes, como la fragmentación institucional, las restricciones de campo y los desequilibrios en las herramientas. En consecuencia, se identifican tres estrategias de optimización avanzadas: orientación de alto nivel, expansión del dominio y sinergia integral. Estos conocimientos no solo enriquecen la comprensión teórica del diseño de políticas, sino que también brindan a los responsables políticos orientación práctica para adaptar las políticas a las condiciones urbanas y la disponibilidad de recursos, mejorando así la gobernanza adaptativa para garantizar la transformación digital urbana.

Suggested Citation

  • Guangdong Wu & Jiawen Li & Zhibin Hu & Bingsheng Liu, 2026. "Digital Governance Enhancement: Quantifying Smart City Policy Effectiveness in China's Urban Transformation," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 43(4), July.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:43:y:2026:i:4:n:e70117
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.70117
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