IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/revpol/v43y2026i3ne70062.html

Narrative Coalitions and Strategies in the Policy‐Making for Iran's Startup Ecosystem: A Narrative Policy Framework Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Amir Mohammad Vaezi
  • Ali Maleki

Abstract

Amid the global rise of startup ecosystems as engines of technological innovation and economic growth, Iran's policymaking for its ecosystem remains a contested arena shaped by hybrid governance and political opacity. This study asks: What narrative coalitions shape this policy arena, and what strategies do they employ under varying conditions? The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) is ideally suited, providing a structured lens to analyze narrative coalitions in this context. This article employs NPF to examine policy narrations and narrative strategies in the development of Iran's startup ecosystem from 2012 to 2019. The findings reveal three primary narrative coalitions: Catch‐up (governmental actors pushing alignment with global trends for economic and governance benefits), Wealth Creation (non‐governmental actors advocating high‐risk investments for market growth), and Infiltration (other governmental actors framing the ecosystem as a security threat). These coalitions exhibit enduring alliances with adaptive strategies, with Catch‐up and Wealth Creation supporters converging to promote development, while Infiltration backers oppose it—highlighting variation and shifts in narrations within this hybrid political system. Narrative strategies evolve around the 2017 turning point (U.S. sanctions, domestic tensions): pre‐2017, pro‐development coalitions (Catch‐up and Wealth Creation) used scope limitation and angel shifts to counter Infiltration's expansion and devil shifts; post‐2017, patterns reverse, with Infiltration persisting in scope expansion via reframing. As the first empirical NPF study in the Middle East and North Africa, this qualitative analysis offers insights into narration dynamics in non‐liberal governance structures, contributing to policymaking and conflict understanding while advancing NPF's transportability across geographies and governing systems. 随着初创企业生态系统在全球范围内崛起并成为技术创新和经济增长的引擎,伊朗的生态系统政策制定仍是一个充满争议的领域,受混合治理和政治不透明的影响。本研究探讨:哪些叙事联盟塑造了这一政策领域?它们在不同条件下采用哪些策略?叙事政策框架(NPF)非常适合这一领域,它提供了一个结构化的视角来分析这种背景下的叙事联盟。本文运用NPF考察了2012年至2019年伊朗初创企业生态系统发展中的政策叙事和叙事策略。研究结果揭示了三种主要的叙事联盟:追赶(政府行动者推动与全球趋势接轨以获得经济和治理效益)、财富创造(非政府行动者倡导高风险投资以促进市场增长)和渗透(其他政府行动者将生态系统视为安全威胁)。这些联盟展现出持久的联盟关系和适应性策略。“追赶”和“财富创造”的支持者汇聚一堂,共同推动发展,而“渗透”的支持者则持反对态度—这凸显了这一混合政治体系中叙事的多样性和转变。叙事策略围绕2017年的转折点(美国制裁、国内紧张局势)展开:2017年之前,支持发展的联盟(“追赶”和“财富创造”)运用范围限制和“美化政治盟友”来对抗“渗透”的扩张和“丑化政治对手”;2017年之后,模式发生逆转,“渗透”通过重构继续扩大范围。作为中东和北非地区首个实证的NPF研究,本篇定性分析为非自由主义治理结构中的叙事动态提供了深刻的见解,有助于政策制定和冲突理解,同时提升了NPF在不同地域和治理体系之间的可移植性。. En medio del auge global de los ecosistemas de startups como motores de la innovación tecnológica y el crecimiento económico, la formulación de políticas en Irán para su ecosistema sigue siendo un ámbito controvertido, marcado por una gobernanza híbrida y la opacidad política. Este estudio plantea la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué coaliciones narrativas configuran este ámbito político y qué estrategias emplean en diferentes condiciones? El Marco de Políticas Narrativas (MPN) es idealmente adecuado, ya que proporciona una perspectiva estructurada para analizar las coaliciones narrativas en este contexto. Este artículo utiliza el MPN para examinar las narraciones políticas y las estrategias narrativas en el desarrollo del ecosistema de startups de Irán entre 2012 y 2019. Los hallazgos revelan tres coaliciones narrativas principales: Puesta al día (actores gubernamentales que impulsan la alineación con las tendencias globales para obtener beneficios económicos y de gobernanza), Creación de riqueza (actores no gubernamentales que abogan por inversiones de alto riesgo para el crecimiento del mercado) e Infiltración (otros actores gubernamentales que enmarcan el ecosistema como una amenaza para la seguridad). Estas coaliciones exhiben alianzas duraderas con estrategias adaptativas, con los partidarios de Catch‐up y Wealth Creation convergiendo para promover el desarrollo, mientras que los partidarios de Infiltration se oponen a él, destacando la variación y los cambios en las narraciones dentro de este sistema político híbrido. Las estrategias narrativas evolucionan alrededor del punto de inflexión de 2017 (sanciones estadounidenses, tensiones internas): antes de 2017, las coaliciones pro‐desarrollo (Catch‐up y Wealth Creation) utilizaron la limitación del alcance y los cambios ángel para contrarrestar la expansión de Infiltration y los cambios diablo; después de 2017, los patrones se invierten, con Infiltration persistiendo en la expansión del alcance a través del reencuadre. Como el primer estudio empírico de NPF en el Medio Oriente y el Norte de África, este análisis cualitativo ofrece perspectivas sobre la dinámica de la narración en las estructuras de gobernanza no liberales, contribuyendo a la formulación de políticas y la comprensión del conflicto al tiempo que avanza la transportabilidad de NPF a través de geografías y sistemas de gobierno.

Suggested Citation

  • Amir Mohammad Vaezi & Ali Maleki, 2026. "Narrative Coalitions and Strategies in the Policy‐Making for Iran's Startup Ecosystem: A Narrative Policy Framework Analysis," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 43(3), May.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:43:y:2026:i:3:n:e70062
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.70062
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.70062
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/ropr.70062?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:43:y:2026:i:3:n:e70062. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ipsonea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.