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Diagnosing Individual Policy Capacity for Climate Governance: Evidence From National and Subnational Institutions in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Amna Shaheen
  • Fiaz Hussain
  • Muhammad Mumtaz

Abstract

Although much of the existing literature examines policy capacity as a determinant of policy performance, less attention has been paid to diagnostic assessments of individual‐level capacity at different tiers of government. This study provides a diagnostic assessment of individual policy capacity within Pakistan's climate governance system, focusing on the analytical, operational, and political competencies of policy professionals working at national and subnational institutions. Drawing on original survey data collected from climate‐related organizations, the study employs descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine overall capacity levels and variations across demographic characteristics, including age, education, professional experience, and governance level. The study indicates a moderate analytical capacity and relatively high operational and political capacity at the federal and provincial levels. The composite mean score findings reveal that federal and provincial‐level capacities are closely aligned. However, the ANOVA results showed within‐level differences. Capacity variation at the federal level is associated with demographic characteristics, particularly education and experience, whereas no influence was found at the provincial level, suggesting an even distribution of skills. These results underscore the importance of moving beyond aggregate or organizational‐level assessments to diagnose individual‐level capacity constraints within devolved governance systems. The study contributes to the policy capacity literature by providing empirical evidence from the Global South and demonstrating the value of diagnostic approaches in identifying capacity‐building priorities for climate governance. The findings hold practical implications for the design of targeted training, institutional support mechanisms, and intergovernmental coordination strategies in climate policy systems. 现有文献大多将政策能力作为政策绩效的决定因素进行研究,但对不同层级政府人员个人能力的诊断性评估却鲜有关注。本研究对巴基斯坦气候治理体系中的个人政策能力进行了诊断性评估,重点关注在国家和地方机构工作的政策专业人员的分析能力、操作能力和政治能力。本研究基于从气候相关组织收集的原始调查数据,运用描述性统计、双变量相关分析和方差分析(ANOVA)来考察总体能力水平及其在不同人口统计特征(包括年龄、教育程度、工作经验和治理层级)之间的差异。研究表明,联邦和省级层面的分析能力处于中等水平,而操作能力和政治能力相对较高。综合平均得分结果显示,联邦和省级层面的能力水平高度一致。然而,方差分析结果显示,各层级内部存在差异。联邦层面的能力差异与人口统计特征(尤其是教育程度和工作经验)相关,而省级层面则未发现此类差异,表明各层级的技能分布较为均衡。这些结果强调了超越总体或组织层面评估,诊断权力下放治理体系中个体层面能力制约因素的重要性。本研究通过提供来自全球南方国家的实证证据,并论证诊断方法在确定气候治理能力建设优先事项方面的价值,为政策能力文献做出了贡献。研究结果对气候政策体系中针对性培训、机构支持机制和政府间协调战略的设计具有实践意义。 Si bien gran parte de la literatura existente examina la capacidad política como determinante del desempeño de las políticas, se ha prestado menos atención a las evaluaciones diagnósticas de la capacidad individual en los diferentes niveles de gobierno. Este estudio ofrece una evaluación diagnóstica de la capacidad política individual dentro del sistema de gobernanza climática de Pakistán, centrándose en las competencias analíticas, operativas y políticas de los profesionales de políticas que trabajan en instituciones nacionales y subnacionales. Basándose en datos originales de encuestas recopilados de organizaciones relacionadas con el clima, el estudio emplea estadística descriptiva, correlaciones bivariadas y análisis de varianza (ANOVA) para examinar los niveles generales de capacidad y las variaciones según las características demográficas, como la edad, la educación, la experiencia profesional y el nivel de gobernanza. El estudio indica una capacidad analítica moderada y una capacidad operativa y política relativamente alta a nivel federal y provincial. Los resultados de la puntuación media compuesta revelan que las capacidades a nivel federal y provincial están estrechamente alineadas. Sin embargo, los resultados del ANOVA mostraron diferencias dentro del nivel. La variación de la capacidad a nivel federal se asocia con las características demográficas, en particular la educación y la experiencia, mientras que no se encontró influencia a nivel provincial, lo que sugiere una distribución uniforme de las habilidades. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de ir más allá de las evaluaciones agregadas u organizacionales para diagnosticar las limitaciones de capacidad a nivel individual dentro de los sistemas de gobernanza descentralizada. El estudio contribuye a la literatura sobre capacidad política al proporcionar evidencia empírica del Sur Global y demostrar el valor de los enfoques de diagnóstico para identificar las prioridades de desarrollo de capacidades para la gobernanza climática. Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones prácticas para el diseño de capacitación específica, mecanismos de apoyo institucional y estrategias de coordinación intergubernamental en los sistemas de política climática.

Suggested Citation

  • Amna Shaheen & Fiaz Hussain & Muhammad Mumtaz, 2026. "Diagnosing Individual Policy Capacity for Climate Governance: Evidence From National and Subnational Institutions in Pakistan," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 43(2), March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:43:y:2026:i:2:n:e70086
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.70086
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