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Innovation Policy in an Emerging Economy: How Regional and Technological Disparities Moderate the Effects of a National Law

Author

Listed:
  • Breno Valente Fontes Araújo
  • Ana Claudia Azevedo
  • Fernanda Maria de Almeida
  • Cristiana Tristão Rodrigues

Abstract

The Innovation Law, enacted in Brazil in 2004, laid the regulatory and institutional foundations for the national innovation system, aiming to promote closer interaction between universities, research institutions, and industry. However, nearly two decades after its implementation, its influence on the national innovation system remains largely unexplored from an empirical perspective. This study examines the law's influence on the number of patents filed by Brazilian residents, considering the moderating role of regional disparities and state‐level inventive activity. Using a Poisson regression model with panel data from 1997 to 2023, the results indicate that the law, in isolation, did not have a significant influence on the number of patents. However, its influence was partially positively moderated in the Northeast region and negatively in the Southeast and South regions. Additionally, the inventive activity at the state level exhibited an inverse moderating effect, suggesting that less developed innovation systems may benefit more from such regulations and reinforcing the need for adaptive policies tailored to regional specificities. These findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the importance of contextual factors in the effectiveness of innovation policies and providing insights for regulatory improvements and regional development strategies, especially in an emerging economy. 巴西于2004年颁布的《创新法》为国家创新体系奠定了监管和制度基础,旨在促进大学、研究机构和产业界之间的更紧密互动。然而,该法实施近二十年后,其对国家创新体系的影响仍缺乏实证研究。本研究考察了该法对巴西居民专利申请数量的影响,并考虑了区域差异和州级发明活动在其中的调节作用。利用1997年至2023年的面板数据,采用泊松回归模型进行分析,结果表明,该法本身对专利申请数量没有显著影响。然而,其影响在东北地区受到部分正向调节,而在东南部和南部地区则受到部分负向调节。此外,州级创新活动表现出反向调节效应,表明创新体系欠发达的地区可能更能从相关法规中获益,并强调了制定适应区域特点的政策的必要性。这些发现丰富了相关文献,突出了情境因素对创新政策有效性的重要性,并为监管改进和区域发展战略(尤其是在新兴经济体中)提供了借鉴。 La Ley de Innovación, promulgada en Brasil en 2004, sentó las bases regulatorias e institucionales del sistema nacional de innovación, con el objetivo de promover una interacción más estrecha entre universidades, instituciones de investigación e industria. Sin embargo, casi dos décadas después de su implementación, su influencia en el sistema nacional de innovación permanece en gran parte inexplorada desde una perspectiva empírica. Este estudio examina la influencia de la ley en el número de patentes presentadas por residentes brasileños, considerando el papel moderador de las disparidades regionales y la actividad inventiva a nivel estatal. Utilizando un modelo de regresión de Poisson con datos de panel de 1997 a 2023, los resultados indican que la ley, de forma aislada, no tuvo una influencia significativa en el número de patentes. Sin embargo, su influencia se moderó parcialmente de forma positiva en la región Nordeste y de forma negativa en la región Sudeste y Sur. Además, la actividad inventiva a nivel estatal mostró un efecto moderador inverso, lo que sugiere que los sistemas de innovación menos desarrollados podrían beneficiarse más de dichas regulaciones y refuerza la necesidad de políticas adaptativas adaptadas a las especificidades regionales. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la literatura al destacar la importancia de los factores contextuales en la eficacia de las políticas de innovación y brindar perspectivas para mejoras regulatorias y estrategias de desarrollo regional, especialmente en una economía emergente.

Suggested Citation

  • Breno Valente Fontes Araújo & Ana Claudia Azevedo & Fernanda Maria de Almeida & Cristiana Tristão Rodrigues, 2026. "Innovation Policy in an Emerging Economy: How Regional and Technological Disparities Moderate the Effects of a National Law," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 43(1), January.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:43:y:2026:i:1:n:e70075
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.70075
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