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How does social insurance policy affect citizens' political participation? An empirical research based on policy feedback theory

Author

Listed:
  • Hongbo Wang
  • Xi Gong
  • Kairan Zhang

Abstract

The policy feedback theory proposes that policies, besides being outputs of political activities, also function as inputs that shape political behavior and influence citizens. Using the 2019 Chinese Social Survey data, this paper empirically explored the impact of social insurance policies, specifically pension and medical insurance, on citizens' political voting. The study finds that social insurance policies are significantly correlated with political participation, suggesting the potential existence of a policy feedback effect. Further analysis indicated the presence of a resource incentive effect moderated by income and an interpretive effect moderated by education, both varying based on insurance type. As income or education levels rose, the political voting gap between insured and uninsured pension holders widened, particularly in EPI. In contrast, the political voting gap in medical insurance did not increase with income but decreased with education. This paper broadened the understanding of factors influencing political participation, providing empirical evidence for policy feedback theory in China and deepening insights into resource incentives and interpretive effects. 政策反馈理论认为,政策除了是政治活动的输出,也作为输入塑造政治行为、影响公民政治活动。本文利用2019年中国社会调查数据,实证探究了社会保险政策的影响,特别是养老保险和医疗保险对公民政治投票的影响。研究发现,社会保险政策与政治参与显著相关,表明政策反馈效应可能存在。进一步分析发现,存在由收入调节的资源激励效应和由教育调节的解释效应,两者均因保险类型而异。随着收入或教育水平的提高,有养老保险和无养老保险者之间的政治投票差距扩大,尤其是在职工养老保险方面。相反,医疗保险方面的政治投票差距并没有随着收入的增加而增加,而是随着教育年限的增加而缩小。本文拓宽了对政治参与影响因素的理解,为政策反馈理论提供了来自中国的实证证据,深化了对资源激励和解释效应的认识。 La teoría de la retroalimentación de políticas propone que estas, además de ser resultados de las actividades políticas, también funcionan como insumos que moldean el comportamiento político e influyen en la ciudadanía. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Social China de 2019, este trabajo exploró empíricamente el impacto de las pólizas de seguro social, específicamente las pensiones y el seguro médico, en el voto político de los ciudadanos. El estudio concluye que las pólizas de seguro social están significativamente correlacionadas con la participación política, lo que sugiere la posible existencia de un efecto de retroalimentación de políticas. Un análisis posterior indicó la presencia de un efecto de incentivo de recursos moderado por los ingresos y un efecto interpretativo moderado por la educación, ambos variando según el tipo de seguro. A medida que aumentaban los niveles de ingresos o educación, la brecha de voto político entre los pensionistas asegurados y no asegurados se ampliaba, particularmente en el EPI. Por el contrario, la brecha de voto político en el seguro médico no aumentaba con los ingresos, sino que disminuía con la educación. Este trabajo amplió la comprensión de los factores que influyen en la participación política, proporcionando evidencia empírica para la teoría de la retroalimentación de políticas en China y profundizando en el conocimiento de los incentivos de recursos y los efectos interpretativos.

Suggested Citation

  • Hongbo Wang & Xi Gong & Kairan Zhang, 2026. "How does social insurance policy affect citizens' political participation? An empirical research based on policy feedback theory," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 43(1), January.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:43:y:2026:i:1:n:e70012
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.70012
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